CORRECTION FACTOR FOR HEAVY CONCRETE MIX DESIGN USING LOW-QUALITY AGGREGATES
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Abstract
This study investigates an experimental-analytical approach to improving the accuracy of calculating the nominal composition of heavy concrete using a database of test protocols from NEFU (2015–2025). Particular attention is paid to working with low-quality aggregates – sand with a fineness modulus below 1.4. Significant discrepancies between the calculated and actual concrete compositions were identified, reaching up to ±250 kg/m³. A corrective coefficient linking the cement-to-water ratio (C/W) with the proportion of aggregates is proposed. Its application reduced the error to ±60–150 kg/m³ and improved the convergence of results to 1.5% without loss of strength. It is shown that the strength of concrete incorporating very fine sand (fineness modulus ≤ 1.4) exhibits higher sensitivity to variations in the C/W ratio within a narrow range of 1.3–2.7. The discrepancy between calculated and actual concrete density varies widely, leading to material overconsumption and reducing the reliability of computational mix design methods. An empirical relationship has been established linking the key variable mix parameters (water-cement ratio and aggregate proportion), which can be used as a correction factor. Without the coefficient, the deviation range was 1.8–5.0%, while with its application it ranged from –0.6% to 1.5% without deterioration of concrete mixture properties or physical and mechanical characteristics.
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