HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING CONCRETE BASED ON A COMPOSITE BINDER USING DISPERSED PERLITE AND A COLLOIDAL ADDITIVE
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Abstract
Concreting of massive hydraulic structures is accompanied by the phenomenon of exothermic heating of structures caused by the process of cement hydration. Under natural conditions, the heat released in massive concrete is slowly removed from the structure. Often, a significant temperature difference occurs between the central part of the massif and its surface. If the critical value of the temperature difference is reached, temperature cracks occur, violating the monolithicity of the structures. In order to solve the problem of crack formation, the article considers the possibility of obtaining hydraulic concrete using a composite binder based on finely dispersed aluminosilicate rocks - perlites, a colloidal additive in the form of silicic acid sol and a superplasticizer. To obtain a composite binder, aluminosilicate materials - perlite rocks with different degrees of crystallinity were ground in a laboratory vibratory grinder to the required specific surface. To obtain a colloidal additive - silicic acid sol, the meth-od of hydrolysis of soluble salts was used in the work, in particular sodium fluorosilicate Na2SiF6 without removing sodium cations Na+. The crack resistance index of hydraulic concrete Ktr was determined indirectly by the ratio of the tensile strength of concrete under bending to the compressive strength - Rben/Rcom. The grade of concrete water resistance was assessed by an express method for determining the water resistance of concrete by its air permeability. It has been established that the most rational compositions are composite binders containing 10-20% glassy perlite, with a specific surface area of 600 m2/kg, a colloidal additive in the form of silicic acid sol in an amount of 0.4% of the cement weight and the Polyplast superplasticizer, which provides an increase in the compressive strength of hydrated stone after 28 days by 33% and an increase in bending strength by 40-45% compared to the control composition. At the same time, the crack resistance index of hydraulic concrete Ktr using finely dispersed perlite, silicic acid sol and the Polyplast polycarbide superplasticizer increases by 21% compared to the control concrete composition, the concrete grade for water resistance is W16, which is 60% higher than the water resistance grade of the control concrete composition.
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