THE BENDING CAPACITY OF THREE-LAYER PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES ACCOUNTING FOR THE CONTINUOUS VARIATION IN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF THE CONTACT LAYERS
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper presents the flexural strength of precast three-layer reinforced concrete structures made from different types of concrete. The three-layer reinforced concrete structure consists of an outer layer of ordinary concrete with strength grades from B12.5 to B30 and an inner layer of lightweight polystyrene concrete. Experiments involving the fabrication of 150x150x150 mm concrete samples using two different materials – B25 normal concrete and B0.75 polystyrene concrete showed that when two layers are poured consecutively with a rest time of less than 2 hours, a contact layer forms between the two materials. This contact layer has a structure with decreasing density from the outer layer using normal concrete to the inner layer using lightweight concrete with low compressive strength. This paper proposes a method for calculating the flexural strength of precast three-layer reinforced concrete structures accounting for the continuous variation in the compressive strength of the contact layer. Calculation results for the load-bearing capacity of three-layer reinforced concrete beam specimens using traditional methods, proposed methods, and experiments have shown that considering the contact layer in the bending behavior of three-layer reinforced concrete beams yields results closer to experimental values than traditional methods. Increasing the thickness and characteristics of the contact layer increases the structure's load-bearing capacity by up to 1%. When the compressive strength of the outer concrete layer is increased from B15 to B25, the load-bearing capacity of the structural plate can increase by up to 59%. When the compressive strength of the inner concrete layer is increased from B5 to B15 while keeping the outer layer's concrete type unchanged, the load-bearing capacity of the three-layer structure can increase by up to 40.1%. The proposed method for calculating three-layer reinforced concrete structures with different materials, accounting for the material properties of the contact layer, accurately captures the phenomena observed during the practical fabrication of such structures.
Downloads
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Halwatura RU, Jayasinghe MTR. (2008) Thermal performance of insulated roof slabs in tropical climates. Energy and Buildings, no.40.pp.1153–60. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.10.006;
Tho VD, Korol E, Hoang NH. (2018) Analysis of the effectiveness of thermal insulation of a multi-layer reinforced concrete slab using layer of concrete with low thermal conductivity under the climatic conditions of Vietnam. MATEC Web Conf. no.251.pp.04026. doi:10.1051/matecconf/201825104026;
Santamouris M. (2015) Analyzing the heat island magnitude and characteristics in one hundred Asian and Australian cities and regions. Science of The Total Environment. no.512–513.pp.582–98. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.060;
Lam T, Vu T, Dien V, Korol E, Bulgakov B. (2019) Properties and thermal insulation performance of light-weight concrete. Magazine of Civil Engineering. no.84.pp.173–91. doi:10.18720/MCE.84.17;
Vu T, Lam T, Bulgakov B, Korol E. (2020) Heat-Insulating Properties of Effective Light Weight Concretes for Three-Layer Protecting Coverings of Buildings. Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel stvo [Industrial and Civil Engineering]. no.5.pp.36–44. doi:10.33622/0869-7019.2020.05.36-44;
Belyaev A, Nesvetaev G, Mailyan D. (2018) The Issues of Energy-Efficiency Increase of Three-Layer Reinforced Concrete Plate Constructions. In: Murgul V, Popovic Z, editors. International Scientific Conference Energy Management of Municipal Transportation Facilities and Transport EMMFT 2017. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 529–35. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70987-1_56;
Korol E, Berlinova M. (2018) Calculation of multilayer enclosing structures with middle layer of polystyrene concrete. MATEC Web Conf. no.193.pp.03020. doi:10.1051/matecconf/201819303020;
Huang Y, Yang C, Ji X, Lu D, Song Q. (2024) Seismic response of expanded polystyrene (EPS) sandwiched concrete panels system in buildings: Damage distribution and correlation analysis of parameters. Journal of Building Engineering. no.91.pp.109608. doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109608;
Fernando PLN, Jayasinghe MTR, Jayasinghe C. (2017) Structural feasibility of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) based lightweight concrete sandwich wall panels. Construction and Building Materials. no.139.pp.45–51. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.027;
Santos DOJ dos, Lima PRL, Filho RDT. (2025) Flexural Behavior of Lightweight Sandwich Panels with Rice Husk Bio-Aggregate Concrete Core and Sisal Fiber-Reinforced Foamed Cementitious Faces. Materials. no.18. doi:10.3390/ma18081850;
Khusnitdin A, Jaloliddin T. (2025) Calculation of Deformations of Flexural Three-Layer Reinforced Concrete Elements with A Middle Layer of Arbolite. European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies. no.5.pp.8–12. doi:10.55640/eijmrms-05-06-02;
Tho VD, Korol EA. (2019) Influence of Geometrical Parameters of the Cross Section, Strength and Deformability of the Materials Used on Stress-strain State of Three-layered Reinforced Concrete. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng. no.661.pp.012121. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/661/1/012121;
Mugahed Amran YH, Rashid RSM, Hejazi F, Abang Ali AA, Safiee NA, Bida SM. (2018) Structural Performance of Precast Foamed Concrete Sandwich Panel Subjected to Axial Load. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. no.22.pp.1179–92. doi:10.1007/s12205-017-1711-6;
Vu T, Pham T. A. (2023) Method for calculating flexural multi-layer reinforced concrete structures. Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology. no.2023.pp.22–33. doi:10.59382/j-ibst.2023.vi.vol2-3;
Tho VĐ, Anh PT, Hien PT, Lan VTH, Lan LN, Tâm NTT. (2024) The study on the influence of concrete and reinforcement content on the crack resistance of three-layer panel slab. Vietnam Construction Magazine. Vol 12. pp. 98 – 101;
Aydogdu M. (2005) Vibration analysis of cross-ply laminated beams with general boundary conditions by Ritz method. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. no.47.pp.1740–55. doi:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2005.06.010;
Shams A, Hegger J, Horstmann M. (2014) An analytical model for sandwich panels made of textile-reinforced concrete. Construction and Building Materials. no.64.pp.451–9. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.025;
Gara F, Ragni L, Roia D, Dezi L. (2012) Experimental behaviour and numerical analysis of floor sandwich panels. Engineering Structures. no.36.pp.258–69. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.12.011;
Gara F, Ragni L, Roia D, Dezi L. (2012) Experimental tests and numerical modelling of wall sandwich panels. Engineering Structures. no.37.pp.193–204. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.12.027;
Marčiukaitis G, Juknevičius L. (2002) Influence of the Internal Layer Cracks on the Cracking of Flexural Three-Layer Concrete Members. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management.no.8.pp.153–8. doi:10.1080/13923730.2002.10531270;
Korol EA. (2018) The choice of the rational parameters of three-layer reinforced concrete inclosing structures with monolithic bond of layers by computer simulation. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng. no.456.pp.012075. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/456/1/012075;
Korol E, Tho VD, Kustikova Y. (2018) Model of stressed-strained state of multi-layered reinforced concrete structure with the use of composite reinforcement. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng. no.365.pp.052033. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/365/5/052033;
Korol EA, Dinh Tho V. (2021) Geometric and physio-mechanical characteristics of the contact layer area of multilayer reinforced concrete structures. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng. no.1015.pp.012034. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1015/1/012034;
Vu T, Korol E, Vatin N, Hoang Minh D. (2021) The Stress-Strain State of Three-Layer Precast Flexural Concrete Enclosure Structures with the Contact Interlayers. Buildings. no.11.pp.3. doi:10.3390/buildings11030088;
Andreev V, Turusov R, Tsybin N. (2017) The contact layer method in calculating of the shear compounds. MATEC Web Conf. no.117.pp.00008. doi:10.1051/matecconf/201711700008;
Andreev VI, Turusov RA, Tsybin NYu. (2016) Application of the Contact Layer in the Solution of the Problem of Bending the Multilayer Beam. Procedia Engineering. XXV Polish – Russian – Slovak Seminar “Theoretical Foundation of Civil Engineering"153:59–65. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.080;
Tho VD, Korol E, Rimshin V, Anh PT. (2022) Model Of Stress-Strain State Of Three-Layered Reinforced Concrete Structure By The Finite Element Methods. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. no.18.pp.62–73. doi:10.22337/2587-9618-2022-18-2-62-73;
Khai LTQ, Dung DTM. (2024) Input parameters of three-layer steel fiber concrete beams. Magazine of Civil Engineering. no.17. doi:10.34910/mce.126.4;
Vu Dinh Tho, Korol EA. (2020) Influence of contact layers on cracking resistance of bending three-layer structures. Vestnik MGSU. no.988.pp.98. doi:10.22227/1997-0935.2020.7.988-998;
TCVN 5574:2018. (2018) Design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures.