УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ И ИЗГИБ БАЛОК ИЗ СЛОИСТЫХ КОМПОЗИТОВ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-ГРАДИЕНТНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ: ОБЗОР ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ
УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ И ИЗГИБ БАЛОК ИЗ СЛОИСТЫХ КОМПОЗИТОВ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-ГРАДИЕНТНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ: ОБЗОР ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2026-22-3-45-62Ключевые слова:
Thermal buckling, functionally graded beams , higher-order shear deformation theoryАннотация
Исследование устойчивости и сопротивления изгибу слоистых композитных балок и балок из функционально-градиентных материалов (ФГМ) при термических воздействиях в течение последних двух десятилетий привлекает значительное внимание ввиду применения таких материалов в аэрокосмических, машиностроительных и строительных конструкциях. Данный аналитический обзор обобщает развитие исследований за период с 2010 по 2024 год, уделяя особое внимание усовершенствованным теориям балок, уточнённым конечно-элементным и изогеометрическим формулировкам, пористым и армированным ФГМ-балкам, слоистым и сэндвичевым конструкциям, а также нелокальным размерно-зависимым методам анализа. Для выполнения критического анализа были использованы данные наукометрических баз Scopus, Web of Science и IEEE Xplore с последующим библиометрическим картированием с использованием VOSviewer. Результаты показывают возрастающую динамику публикаций после 2015 года, с преобладанием вклада из Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона и Европы. К числу перспективных направлений относятся закритическая работа пористых ФГМ-балок при термическом воздействии, изогеометрические методы, композиты, армированные углеродными нанотрубками (УНТ) и графеновыми пластинками (ГП), а также размерно-зависимые модели нанобалок. Наукометрическое картирование демонстрирует устойчивые кластеры ключевых слов вокруг тем «термическое выпучивание», «функционально-градиентные балки», «слоистые композиты» и «теория деформаций сдвига высшего порядка». Данный обзор представляет комплексный критический анализ состояния исследований и формулирует направления будущих исследований в области термической устойчивости и сопротивления изгибу балочных конструкций из легких композитных и функционально-градиентных материалов.
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