НАПРЯЖЕННО-ДЕФОРМИРОВАННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПОДКРАНОВО-ПОДСТРОПИЛЬНЫХ ФЕРМ ПРИ ГОРИЗОНТАЛЬНОМ ИЗГИБЕ
НАПРЯЖЕННО-ДЕФОРМИРОВАННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПОДКРАНОВО-ПОДСТРОПИЛЬНЫХ ФЕРМ ПРИ ГОРИЗОНТАЛЬНОМ ИЗГИБЕ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2025-21-1-53-68Ключевые слова:
подкрановые конструкции, подкраново-подстропильная ферма, жесткость узлов, тормозная нагрузка, горизонтальный изгиб, кручение, податливостьАннотация
Подкраново-подстропильные фермы выполняют функции подкрановых и подстропильных ферм. Ездовой нижний пояс фермы предназначен для работы на кручение, вертикальный и горизонтальный изгиб. Цель работы – изучение напряженно-деформированного состояния фермы при горизонтальном изгибе. Проанализировано влияние геометрических параметров ферм на горизонтальную податливость и внутренние усилия в её ездовом поясе при горизонтальном изгибе. Различными методами определены горизонтальные перемещения, внутренние усилия и напряжения в поясе от нагрузок, вызванных односторонним расположением крана и торможением крановой тележки. Показан вклад напряжений от горизонтального изгиба в общее напряженное состояние пояса. Приведены факторы, оказывающие влияние на точность расчёта при горизонтальном изгибе. Достоверность результатов исследования подтверждается сопоставимостью результатов численного расчета с результатами натурного обследования. Проанализированы отличий напряженно-деформированного состояния пояса фермы от напряженно-деформированного состояния эквивалентной балки. Обоснована необходимость разработки более точного метода предварительного расчёта ездового пояса на горизонтальный изгиб. Для поверочного расчёта подкраново-подстропильной фермы в специализированных программных комплексах следует использовать пространственную расчётную схему из оболочечных конечных элементов. Жесткость пояса фермы при горизонтальном изгибе значительно превышает жесткость подкрановой балки. В соответствии с СП 20.13330.2016 при проверке подкрановых конструкций по деформациям в горизонтальной плоскости, прогиб следует определять от сил торможения тележки одного крана, направленных поперек пути. При кручении ездовой пояс подкраново-подстропильной фермы испытывает горизонтальный изгиб, поэтому при его проверке по горизонтальным предельным прогибам в расчёте также необходимо учитывать несимметричные вертикальные нагрузки от одностороннего расположения кран.
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