NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT OF PERMAFROST DEGRADATION AND RECOVERY AND ITS IMPACT ON SOIL MASS STABILITY
Main Article Content
Abstract
The paper presents solutions of the unsteady temperature problem and the problem of determining the stress-strain state of the soil massif, which is a bulk construction of stacks used for gold extraction from ore by heap cyanide leaching. In the process of irrigation of the stacks with heated cyanide solution occurs, heating of the soil mass and base, which leads to the formation of a zone of thawed permafrost or the so-called talik. As a result of numerical solution of the non-stationary temperature problem taking into account the step-by-step erection of the soil massif, the impact of air temperature and irrigation solution, the temperature distribution in the massif and the base for the period from the beginning of the massif erection to the 50-year period after the end of construction was obtained. For the most dangerous moment of the end of construction, when the zone of ground thawing is maximum, the stability of the slope together with the base is evaluated using their stress-strain state. The problems were solved by numerical finite element method using PLAXIS software package.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Ghorbani, Y., Franzidis, J.P., Petersen, J., 2016. Heap leaching technology - Current State, innovations, and future directions: A review. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 37, 73–119. doi:10.1080/08827508.2015.1115990
Thenepalli, T., Chilakala, R.,Tuan, L., Kim, C.S., 2019. A brief note on the heap leaching technologies for the recovery of valuable metals. Sustainability (Switzerland). doi:10.3390/su10023347
Petersen, J., 2016. Heap leaching as a key technology for recovery of values from low-grade ores – A brief overview. Hydrometallurgy 165, 206–212. doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.09.001
Donato, D.B., Madden-Hallett, D.M., Gursansky, W., 2017. Heap leach cyanide irrigation and risk to wildlife: Ramifications for the international cyanide management code. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 140, 271–278. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.033
Shumilova, L.V., Khatkova, A.N., Myazin, V.P. et al. Year-Round Heap Leaching of Gold in Cryolithozone. Metallurgist 64, 1046–1056 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-021-01086-0
Rubtsov, Yu. I. Speed cyanide leaching of gold-containing gravi-concentrates / Yu. I. Rubtsov // Non-ferrous metals. – 2007. – № 10. – С. 60-63. – EDN KUAMWF.
Investigation of the possibility of cyanide leaching of gold from unoxidized ores of the Pogromnoye deposit / Yu. I. Rubtsov, E. E. Kosarev, S. D. Soronkhorova, O. V. Fokina // Kulagin Readings: technique and technology of production processes : XIV International Scientific and Practical Conference: in 3 parts, Chita, November 26-28, 2014 / Transbaikal State University. Volume Part 1. - Chita: Transbaikal State University, 2014. - С. 256-260. - EDN SBAHMV.
Fady B. Abdelaal and R. Kerry Rowe. 2023. Physical and mechanical performance of an HDPE geomembrane in 10 mining solutions with different pHs. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 60(7): 978-993. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2022-0419
Zelyakh, J. D. Method of improving the process of noble metal extraction from cyanide solutions / J. D. Zelyakh, K. D. Naumov, V. G. Lobanov // Engineering research and design : Proceedings of the International Conference of graduate students of the engineering school of new industry of UrFU, Yekaterinburg, May 07, 2018. - Yekaterinburg: Edytus Limited Liability Company, 2019. - С. 35-39. - EDN RWZVKP.
Neudachin, A. P. Technogenic processes in cyanide leaching of gold / A. P. Neudachin, Y. V. Volovnikova // Geological evolution of water interaction with rocks : Proceedings of the Second All-Russian Conference with international participation, Vladivostok, September 06-11, 2015. - Vladivostok: Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Publishing House Dalnauka”, 2015. - С. 496-498. - EDN WESTNN.
C.N. Mpinga, S.M. Bradshaw, G. Akdogan, C.A. Snyders, J.J. Eksteen, Evaluation of the Merrill–Crowe process for the simultaneous removal of platinum, palladium and gold from cyanide leach solutions, Hydrometallurgy, Volume 142, 2014, Pages 36-46, ISSN 0304-386X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2013.11.004.
Rondo-Jalca K. D.Santos-Gonzales A. N. Portilla-Rodríguez H. R. Main gold mining companies using cyanidation leaching processes in Peru DOI: https://doi.org/10.18687/LACCEI2023.1.1.250
Naumov, K. D. Features of gold cementation by electrolytic zinc powders in the percolation mode / K. D. Naumov, V. G. Lobanov // Izvestiya vysshee uchebnykh uchebnykh obucheniya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy. - 2020. - № 1. - С. 19-26. - DOI 10.17073/0021-3438-2020-1-19-26. - EDN KMGQHC. Main gold mining companies using cyanidation leaching processes in Peru. Proceedings of the LACCEI international Multi-conference for Engineering, Education and Technology (2023). doi: 10.18687/laccei2023.1.1.25014. Zhang R.V. Hydrosystems in the Arctic zone of Russia. Cryosphere of the Earth. 2016;20(4): 79-92
Zhang R.V. Geocryological principles of groundwater dams in the cryolithozone under changing climate conditions// Fundamental Research. - 2014. - № 9-2. - P. 288-296; URL: http://www.fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=34841 (date of reference: 19.10.2016).
Zhang R.V. Temperature regime and stability of low-pressure hydraulic structures and groundwater channels in cryolithozone. Yakutsk: IMZ SB RAS, 2002. - 207 с.
Aniskin, N., Sergeev, S., & Bokov, I. (2024). FILTRATION AND TEMPERATURE REGIME OF A FROZEN-TYPE SOIL DAM IN THE CRYOLITHOZONE. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering, 20(1), 143-153. https://doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2024-20-1-143-153
Trapeznikov A.G., Bekker A.T., Isaeva E.S., Tsimbelman N.Ya., Chernova T.I. Numerical modeling of the temperature regime of the ground frozen-type dam of the Anadyr hydroelectric complex // Bulletin of the Engineering School of the Far Eastern Federal University. 2022. № 1(50). С. 81-93. https://doi.org/10.24866/2227-6858/2022-1/81-93
Heat Flow in the Soil. An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics, 1998 ISBN : 978-0-387-94937-6 Gaylon S. Campbell, John M. Norman
Sultashova, Oralkhan & Khudaybergenov, Yakhshimurad. (2016). MODELING OF SOIL TEMPERATURE REGIME. 5. 30-34.
Text of GOST R 71038-2023 Soils. Methods of laboratory determination of thermophysical characteristics
Assignment of thermophysical parameters of soils for temperature calculations in PLAXIS. URL: https://www.notion.so/PLAXIS-d3620d35108443bda23b3334cc7eacf5 – 18.07.2024.
State standart 121.13330.2019 Aerodromes
PLAXIS 2D 2022. Tutorial Manual. https://communities.bentley.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-05
State standart 116.13330 Engineering Protection of Territories, Buildings and Structures from Dangerous Geological Processes. The Main Provisions